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News about National Sheep Genetic Improvement Programs
(2015-2025)
News from the Ministry of
Agriculture, China
Office of the Ministry of Agriculture on the issuance of
"National Sheep Genetic Improvement Program (2015-2025)," the
notice published by: Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock Division
Date: 2015-06-01 00:00 Keywords:
Download the file: National sheep genetic improvement programs,
animal husbandry Agriculture Office [2015] No. 17 .CEB
Provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities animal
husbandry and veterinary (animal husbandry, agriculture) Agency
(Office, commissions, offices), the Xinjiang Production and
Construction Corps, Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau:
To speed up the process of genetic improvement of sheep, the
sheep industry to promote the sustained and healthy development,
our department developed a "national sheep genetic improvement
programs (2015-2025)", is issued to you, please with local
conditions, carefully organized and implemented.
Office of the Ministry of Agriculture
June 1, 2015
National sheep
genetic improvement programs (2015-2025)
Our country is a big country
sheep, sheep herds, slaughter and mutton production rank first
in the world. Accelerate the development of the sheep industry,
to optimize the structure of animal husbandry, increasing
farmers' income, lamb meet consumer demand, promote social
harmony and stability play an important role. Seed is the
foundation of modern sheep industry development, genetic
improvement is to increase the competitiveness of the sheep
industry an important starting point. To speed up the process of
genetic improvement of sheep, sheep breeding system to improve
and enhance the production capacity of sheep, the sheep industry
to promote the sustained and healthy development, the
development of this plan.
I. Current Situation of sheep genetic improvement
Since 1949, our sheep, goat rearing and breeding work has made
considerable progress. Nearly three decades, driven by the
market, our sheep breeding direction gradually shifted from the
wool mainly meat-based, sheep breeding and genetic improvement
work steadily, to enhance the level of development of the sheep
industry has played an important role.
Variety (a) genetic resources
Of sheep, goats genetic resources are very rich, included in the
"Chinese Farm Animal Genetic Resources Chi? Chi sheep" in a
total of 100 local varieties, including 42 sheep, 58 goats. Han
sheep and other 27 fine local varieties into the "National
Animal Genetic Resource Protection List." These landraces
roughage, resistance and disease resistance, performance
characteristics, and is a valuable resource and breeding
material for sustainable development of the sheep industry. At
the same time, we introduced from abroad a number of excellent
sheep varieties, bred for meat sheep breeds 3, 2 goat breeds to
enrich the sheep genetic resources in China.
(B) breeding system initially established
And regional distribution to adapt to stock field and the
initial establishment of field resources as the core, breeding
grounds for support, to meet the different needs of production
and production scale of sheep breeding system. By the end of
2014, there were 1,730 stud farm, where sheep breeding farm 814,
population 2,502,000 sheep; goat breeding farm 916, population
824,000 sheep; sheep national resource conservation farms 20 ,
protected areas 4.
(C) production levels steady improvement
With the popularization and improvement of management of
thoroughbred breeding, sheep individual production performance
has improved significantly, industry production capacity
steadily. In 2014, the national sheep population 303 million, to
slaughter 287 million, an increase over 1980, respectively, 116
million, 245 million, an average annual increase of 1.4%, 5.8%;
mutton 4.282 million tons, 9 times in 1980. Sheep slaughter rate
in 1980 increased to 23% in 2014 to 95%, carcass weight
increased from 10.5 kg to 14.9 kg.
Although Sheep Genetic Improvement has made great achievements,
but compared with the actual needs of the sheep industry a new
stage of development, there are still some problems to resolve
outstanding problems. First, the basic work is lagging behind.
Breeding and hybridization utilization lack of effective
planning and guidance. Breeding methods are backward, seed
registration, performance measurement, genetic evaluation system
and other infrastructure work has not been carried out. Some
varieties improved direction and technology roadmap is not
clear, unorganized hybridization quite serious. Second, the poor
condition of the hardware and software. Most breeding stud farm
infrastructure and equipment, inadequate breeding technology,
the core group of small-scale, sheep uneven quality, not high
performance. Third seed cultivation has been slow. Breeding
system is not perfect, low breeding efficiency, excellent
characteristics of local varieties have not been effectively
tapped. Domestic meat breed a small number of specialized,
performance is not high, the breeding core provenance dependence
on imports is not fundamentally reversed.
Second, the guiding ideology and objectives
(A) guidelines
Play a decisive role in market allocation of resources, adhere
to both continue breeding and cultivation of new varieties of
the species, in order to improve individual performance and
product quality as the main direction to enhance the capacity
for the kind and quality as the core, the core of the national
sheep breeding ground for carrier strengthen policy support,
strengthening scientific and technological support, perfect
Liangfan system, standardize carry sheep breeding registration,
performance measurement, evaluation of genetic breeding,
crossbreeding solid orderly way, continue to improve the level
of seed, the sheep industry to promote the development of
provenance protection.
(Ii) the overall objectives
By 2025, the construction of the national sheep genetic
evaluation center a regional center of production performance of
6-8, the selection of core national sheep breeding farms
(breeding stock field and field) 100 accommodation 35-40 meat
obvious characteristics, adaptability, promotion potential of
the local varieties of the breeding carried out continuously
bred varieties and breeding to improve the performance of the
main introduced species, about 10 sheep cultivate new varieties,
production performance sheep population has increased steadily.
(C) the main task
1. Determine the focus of local varieties bred, bred varieties,
introduced species, the development of breeding program that
will guide breeding; filter suitable crosses guidance variety
utilization.
2. The establishment of national and regional centers of sheep
genetic evaluation of production performance of the center, to
carry out genetic evaluation, guiding the implementation of
sheep production performance measurement.
3. Develop selection criteria, selecting core national sheep
breeding farms, sheep breeding core group formed to carry out
breeding and cultivation of new varieties of this species.
4. Conduct thoroughbred registration, sound archives pedigree
sheep breeding farm in the heart of sheep country.
(D) the main indicators
1.2025 years ago 100 sheep breeding farms core selection, form
the basis of purebred ewes 150,000 core breeding population.
2. Complete core breeding sheep breeding stud farm in the group
registration, and gradually form a continuous complete stud
pedigree files, to achieve dynamic tracking population.
3. By 2025, 100 countries reached an annual sheep sheep breeding
farms core performance measured amount above 100,000.
4. By 2025, the focus of local varieties of meat breeding
performance increased by 10%; new cultivars main meat
performance than the parent average increase of more than 12%;
sheep lambing rate of 120% over the pastoral, agricultural area
of ??more than 150% goats lambing rate of 180%.
Genetic Improvement Strategy Three main sheep breeds
(A) landraces
1. Sheep
Sheep variety of local resources, generally resistant to crude
feed, adaptability, and other characteristics, but slow growth,
meat poor performance. Local sheep performance measurement lag,
inadequate breeding, genetic progress is slow population.
Local sheep genetic improvement focused on conducting ujimqin
sheep, Han sheep, Hu sheep, sheep, Kazakstan sheep, Tibetan
sheep breeding species, breeding programs to develop varieties
and expand the breeding population size, advance seed
registration and performance measurement to improve meat
production performance and capacity for the kind of population,
formed by a breeding population, propagation group, commodity
group consisting of breeding and production systems. Meanwhile,
on the basis of the system planning, local conditions to carry
out crosses screening, and the introduction of improved
varieties bred varieties use as hybridization male, efficient
and economical conduct of large-scale cross. On a larger scale,
there are some local varieties of hybrid breeding based groups,
to develop breeding plans to carry out the cultivation of new
varieties of sheep.
2. Goat
Local goat breeds are more concentrated in Central and southern
regions, with early maturity, high fecundity and adaptability
and other characteristics, but there is a small individual, slow
growth, feed conversion rate, less meat and other shortcomings.
Goat breeding system is imperfect, the lack of systematic
breeding, production performance within individual species are
quite different. Crossbreeding lack of long-term planning and
scientific matching program, causing some local varieties
degradation, decline in the number of purebred, hybrid lineage
groups is unclear.
Local goat genetic improvement focused on conducting Huanghuai
goat, Chengdu Ma goat, horse goat, Yunling goat, Guizhou goat
breeding other varieties, and expand the breeding population
size, to carry out performance measurement, seed registration,
focus breeding meat performance. Meanwhile, combine the
characteristics of sheep production in different regions, on the
basis of the system planning, screening superiority crosses for
large-scale, characteristic of hybrid economy. The introduction
of varieties and landraces high generation hybrid groups,
establish breeding base, carry out systematic selection for
growth rate, premature, meat quality, and cultivate new
varieties of goat meat has been formed.
(B) Cultivars
Pakistan-US have been bred sheep, sheep Zhaowuda, Chahar sheep
meat sheep breeds, Nanjiang, Jane states with big ears and sheep
meat goat breeds, focusing on breeding performance and improve
meat group uniformity. Conduct performance measurement system
and seed registration, continued to improve yields and stock for
the kind of capability. Intensify efforts to promote variety,
selection of suitable economic hybrid model, the development of
intensive, standardized production.
(C) the introduction of species
China has introduced more varieties of sheep, currently used
primarily in the production of the presence or absence of
Dorset, Texel, Suffolk, Dorper, Australia white, German Mutton
Merino, South African Mutton Merino and goats and other species.
In addition to cultivation of new varieties of material as
external, through hybridization with local varieties for many
years, formed a variety of types of hybrid populations, but the
lack of scientific breeding and hybridization system use.
Focusing on the introduction of genetic improvement, through
continuous selection and propagation population, the
establishment of commercial breeding system, the appropriate
level of quality sheep genetic material or embryos, semen,
expand breeding population, were registered varieties, and
gradually form a continuous complete species Sheep pedigree
files. On the basis of the production performance of the venue,
conduct a unified, standardized cross-population genetic
assessment, continued to improve for the kind and quality,
narrow the gap with foreign advanced level. Meanwhile, according
to the characteristics of different varieties to determine the
suitable area hybrids with the establishment and optimization of
crossbreeding system, full use of heterosis.
(D) to cultivate new varieties
Cultivation of new varieties of the focus is on local varieties
and the introduction of varieties of breeding material, with
enterprises as the main body, a clear breeding objectives,
breeding programs to develop varieties, to carry out continuous
system to cultivate.
The main direction of pastoral cultivation of new varieties are:
adaptability while maintaining good premise, highlighting the
meat performance and reproductive performance, taking into
account the performance of wool or leather.
The main direction of cultivation of new varieties of
agricultural areas are: high reproductive performance, fast
growth, feed conversion rate.
Fourth, the main content
(A) to carry out key breeding and use
1. Implementation of content
Depending on the layout and status of genetic resources sheep
advantages of the region, identify priority breeding species,
the development of breeding and utilization program.
2. Task Indicators
2016 set priorities bred varieties, breeding and use proposed
2018 program of all varieties.
(B) the establishment of sheep genetic evaluation and
performance measurement system
1. Implementation of content
Building national sheep genetic evaluation center, to develop
sheep genetic evaluation program, improve production performance
measurement standards and management practices, build national
sheep breeding database and data exchange and sharing platform
to carry out the collection, analysis and evaluation and
publication.
The establishment of regional centers of sheep production
performance of the organization and guidance of the national
sheep breeding farms ongoing core sheep production performance
of work.
2. Task Indicators
2020, building national sheep genetic evaluation center one, the
establishment of a regional center performance measurement sheep
6-8.
(Iii) the selection of core national sheep breeding farms
1. Implementation of content
Develop national sheep breeding farms core selection criteria,
take voluntary enterprise, the provincial animal husbandry and
veterinary administrative department of the audit recommended
way, the selection of 100 core countries of sheep breeding
farms.
2. Task Indicators
2020, completed the selection of 50 national sheep breeding
farms core, the core foundation ewe breeding population reached
50,000, related to breeding facilities complete. 2025, a total
of 100 national sheep breeding farms core selection, forms the
basis of the total population 150,000 ewe mutton core breeding
population. Core national sheep breeding farms to carry out
production performance specifications, timely reporting of
relevant data.
(D) organize breeding registration
1. Implementation of content
Sheep breeding developed technical norms for registration, the
organization of national sheep breeding farms to carry out core
thoroughbred registration.
2. Task Indicators
2025, 100 countries completed the core sheep breeding farms
registered in the group of sheep breeding, and gradually form a
continuous complete stud pedigree files.
Five, safeguards
(A) strengthen the organization and management of
Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Husbandry Secretary to establish
a national organization of sheep genetic improvement programs
leading group, responsible for planning the implementation of
top-level design, co-ordination, supervision and management,
performance evaluation. National Animal Husbandry specifically
responsible for program implementation, organizational
development focused on genetic improvement breeding program, the
selection of core national sheep breeding farms, guide the
development of performance measurement, seed registration, seed
promotion work. Provincial animal husbandry and veterinary
administrative departments and technical support unit
responsible for sheep genetic improvement within their
respective jurisdictions, specifically responsible for the
national sheep breeding farms core qualification and daily
monitoring, supervision and conduct performance measurement,
seed registration work to strengthen the guidance of
crossbreeding, Zhongyang quality supervision. The main producing
provinces to local conditions developed and implemented in the
region of sheep genetic improvement programs.
(B) strengthening technical support
Relying on industrial technology research institutes and power
system, the organization plans to establish a national sheep
genetic improvement expert group responsible for developing
technical specifications related to genetic improvement program
focused on breeding varieties, genetic improvement techniques to
carry out training, performance core national sheep breeding
farms Determination, seed registration, use of hybrid and other
work to provide technical support. National and regional centers
of sheep genetic evaluation of production performance of the
center in accordance with the requirements of genetic
improvement programs, strengthen the measurement data analysis,
to make a scientific determination of an accurate assessment and
timely guidance.
(Iii) the establishment of dynamic management mechanism
Release to the public a list of the national sheep breeding
farms core, accept the industry watchdog. Core national sheep
breeding farms should conscientiously perform their obligations,
and actively carry out seed registration, performance
measurement, etc., timely reporting and breeding data.
Establishment of the Group of Experts with the national sheep
breeding farms contacts with counterparts core system, contact
the experts to provide technical guidance for the enterprise
daily breeding, breeding technology to help solve problems.
Establish core breeding sheep field performance evaluation and
exit mechanisms, the implementation of dynamic management,
regularly organize national sheep breeding farms core
examination and evaluation, in time to weed out unqualified
companies.
(Iv) increase policy support
The gradual establishment of a government fund for guidance,
business investment as the mainstay of diversified investment
and financing mechanism, and fully mobilize the enthusiasm of
enterprises to participate in the work of sheep genetic
improvement. Increase core breeding sheep farm construction,
production performance, cultivation of new varieties, excellent
protection of local resources and other key aspects of support.
Continue to promote sheep breeding to promote and accelerate the
pace of improved varieties, improve the level of breeding sheep
production.
(V) to promote research joint
Political research carried out extensive cooperation,
integration, integration of core national sheep breeding farms,
research institutes and technology promotion department and
other forces, to build autonomous, efficient breeding system,
and promote the genetic improvement of sheep population. At the
same time, the introduction of foreign germplasm appropriate,
encourage domestic and foreign enterprises, research
institutions and breeding cooperation, and constantly enhance
the level of development of China's seed industry sheep.
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